{
  "@context": {
    "source": "https://historyofcode.xyz/#source"
  },
  "dataset_id": "HOX-GRAPH-001",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "edition_date": "2026-10-09",
  "status": "curated demonstration, not comprehensive historical graph",
  "method": "Only published supported connections appear as edges. Historical meaning and evidential limitations are explained alongside each edge.",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "algol60",
      "label": "ALGOL 60",
      "year": "1960",
      "type": "language",
      "summary": "Structured algorithmic language whose block and procedure model provided a foundation for Simula."
    },
    {
      "id": "simulai",
      "label": "Simula I",
      "year": "1960s",
      "type": "language",
      "summary": "Early simulation-oriented language arising from the ALGOL 60 design base."
    },
    {
      "id": "simula67",
      "label": "SIMULA 67",
      "year": "1967",
      "type": "language",
      "summary": "Generalized Simula language including classes, objects and process modeling."
    },
    {
      "id": "c",
      "label": "C",
      "year": "1972",
      "type": "language",
      "summary": "Systems programming language supplying the efficiency and compatibility priorities of early C++."
    },
    {
      "id": "cpp",
      "label": "C++",
      "year": "1979–1983",
      "type": "language",
      "summary": "Grew from C with Classes; combined C systems design with organization ideas from Simula."
    }
  ],
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "E-001",
      "from": "algol60",
      "to": "simulai",
      "relation": "language foundation",
      "confidence": "documented",
      "evidence": [
        "chm-software",
        "chm-simula"
      ],
      "claim": "The Simula project began as an ALGOL 60-based effort; its first incarnation was simulation-oriented.",
      "qualifier": "Do not confuse the project’s early written reference with the later Simula 67 specification."
    },
    {
      "id": "E-002",
      "from": "simulai",
      "to": "simula67",
      "relation": "successor / generalization",
      "confidence": "documented",
      "evidence": [
        "simula-standard",
        "chm-software"
      ],
      "claim": "SIMULA 67 follows the earlier Simula I project and broadened its language model.",
      "qualifier": "This denotes succession within a project, not compatibility between every implementation."
    },
    {
      "id": "E-003",
      "from": "algol60",
      "to": "simula67",
      "relation": "language foundation",
      "confidence": "documented",
      "evidence": [
        "simula-standard"
      ],
      "claim": "The SIMULA language standard explicitly states that it inherits ALGOL 60’s algorithmic properties.",
      "qualifier": "A formal language relationship is not a claim that every feature was inherited without modification."
    },
    {
      "id": "E-004",
      "from": "simula67",
      "to": "cpp",
      "relation": "design influence",
      "confidence": "first-person corroborated",
      "evidence": [
        "stroustrup-faq",
        "stroustrup-interview"
      ],
      "claim": "Stroustrup credits Simula-style organization and classes among C++ design motivations.",
      "qualifier": "Influence is not the same as direct source-code descent or an exact feature-for-feature copy."
    },
    {
      "id": "E-005",
      "from": "c",
      "to": "cpp",
      "relation": "language foundation",
      "confidence": "first-person corroborated",
      "evidence": [
        "stroustrup-faq",
        "stroustrup-interview"
      ],
      "claim": "Stroustrup began with C, developing C with Classes before C++.",
      "qualifier": "The path includes years of design changes; C++ is not merely a renamed C implementation."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "simula-standard",
      "creator": "SIMULA Standards Group",
      "title": "Standard SIMULA: Chapter 0 — General Introduction",
      "url": "https://portablesimula.github.io/github.io/doc/SimulaStandard86/chap_0.htm",
      "class": "language specification",
      "date": "1986 standard, online transcription",
      "caution": "Later formal language standard; authoritative on the language definition, not contemporary evidence of the original 1962 decisions."
    },
    {
      "id": "chm-software",
      "creator": "Computer History Museum",
      "title": "Software & Languages — Timeline of Computer History",
      "url": "https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/software-languages/",
      "class": "museum historical synthesis",
      "date": "undated online timeline",
      "caution": "Secondary historical synthesis; timeline dates can refer to different milestones, not necessarily first use."
    },
    {
      "id": "stroustrup-faq",
      "creator": "Bjarne Stroustrup",
      "title": "Bjarne Stroustrup’s FAQ — C++ history and motivation",
      "url": "https://stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html",
      "class": "first-person retrospective",
      "date": "living web document",
      "caution": "First-person retrospective by the principal designer, not contemporaneous artifact of every design decision."
    },
    {
      "id": "stroustrup-interview",
      "creator": "Bjarne Stroustrup, interviewed for C/C++ Users Journal",
      "title": "C++: The Making of a Standard — Stroustrup Interviews",
      "url": "https://stroustrup.com/cuj_interview.html",
      "class": "published interview / retrospective",
      "date": "1996",
      "caution": "Retrospective interview; the introductory historical summary and interview responses have different authorship."
    },
    {
      "id": "chm-simula",
      "creator": "Computer History Museum",
      "title": "The First Reference to Simula in Writing Is Made",
      "url": "https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/january/5/",
      "class": "museum historical synthesis",
      "date": "1962 event, later museum entry",
      "caution": "Documents the earliest written reference, not the date on which Simula 67 was complete."
    },
    {
      "id": "w3c-prov",
      "creator": "W3C Provenance Working Group",
      "title": "PROV Model Primer",
      "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-primer/",
      "class": "technical provenance methodology",
      "date": "2013-04-30",
      "caution": "A provenance model for representing claims and derivations, not independent corroboration of computing-history events."
    }
  ],
  "revision_history": [
    {
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "date": "2026-10-09",
      "change": "Initial curated five-node demonstration; no public contribution claims."
    }
  ]
}